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DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLES |
Truncation and wildcard |
* replaces 0...n characters anywhere in a word
? replaces a single character anywhere in a word - can be used to search the alternative spellings of the same word
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product* *behavio*
anesthesia = anaesthesia |
Plurals and possessives |
The singular form of a word finds also the plural form and possessive forms of most words. Any form finds other forms. |
steel child children's foot |
Hyphenated words |
Hyphenated form finds hyphenated and non-hyphenated forms. Non-hyphenated form is treated as separate words. Some hyphenated words are also written combined. With these you must use OR operator. |
talk-show talk-show
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Phrases |
1) double quotation marks - wildcards can be used - the singular form of a word finds also the plural form of most words |
"criminal* insan*" "financial technology" |
2) braces = exact search - find documents that contain exactly that enclosed in braces - wildcards are searched as actual characters: * is searched as asterisk, not as a truncation - the singular form of a word does not retrieve the plural form |
{out-of-hospital} {out of hospital} {to be or not to be?} |
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Boolean operators - are not case sensitive |
Terms in the same search field are processed as an AND operation. | wind power = wind AND power |
Without parentheses operator precedence is:
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finland or finnish and pisa
(wind AND power) OR (solar AND energy) |
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Proximity operators - for two or more words that occur within a specified number of words (or fewer) of each other - truncation is possible - you can use parentheses to multiply terms |
W/n regardless of the order, n ≥ 0
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energy w/2 polic* robot* w/1 (hand OR arm) (distan* OR online OR virtual* OR remote*) w/5 (education OR learn* OR teach*) |
PRE/n in the order in which you entered them, n ≥ 0 |
heart PRE/0 attack = "heart attack" cable pre/1 television (robot* w/2 hand) OR (robot* pre/3 arm) |
Use Advanced search
Examples
SUBJTERMS(2312)
> 2312 = Water Science and Technology.
TITLE-ABS-KEY("early childhood" AND teach*) AND SUBJTERMS (3204 OR 3304)
> Search terms in subject areas 3204 Developmental and Educational Psychology or 3304 Education.
AF-ID("Oulun Yliopisto" 60012954) AND SUBJTERMS(3204 OR 3304)
> Affiliation University of Oulu in subject areas mentioned above.
TITLE-ABS-KEY ( finnish ) AND SUBJTERMS ( 3310 OR 1203 )
> Search term in subject areas 1203 Arts and Humanities: Language and Linguistics or 3310 Social Sciences: Linguistics and Language or 3315 Communication.
Subject area
Document type
Affiliation & Country/territory