Publications are searched in databases using search terms, i.e., concepts that describe the topic. Well-considered search terms lead to better results, both in accuracy and coverage.
Search terms typically include:
A wide range of search terms is important because:
You can begin defining search terms by freely brainstorming. These freely brainstormed terms can be used for initial searches, which may help you discover additional relevant vocabulary. When reviewing search results, pay attention to the titles, abstracts, and subject headings of the sources. Consider which words could be valuable to include in your own search.
AI tools can support the process of defining search terms. For example, generative AI applications like Copilot are helpful for identifying synonyms and translations. However, they do not replace the need to explore field-specific vocabulary and terminology used by experts in the field.
To deepen your understanding of the terminology and concepts in your research area, the following resources can be useful:
Publications in databases are often described using subject headings selected from controlled vocabularies, also known as thesauri. The specific vocabulary used depends on the database. Thesauri can be general and multidisciplinary (e.g., YSO) or specialized in a particular field of science (e.g., MeSH and Inspec).
Subject headings found in thesauri and publication records can be used to enhance information retrieval and expand the range of search terms. Thesauri indicate which term should be used for a concept instead of the one typed into the search. They also often describe relationships between terms, such as broader, narrower, and related concepts. When you search for a term from a thesaurus, target your search to the keyword field in the database.
Using thesaurus-based subject headings is especially important when conducting systematic information retrieval. For more guidance on using subject headings, see the Systematic searching guide.
